Glaucoma Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment for Better Eye Health

Understanding Glaucoma: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of vision loss around the world, often called the “silent thief of sight” because it can damage your eyes without any early symptoms. It’s a serious eye condition that affects the optic nerve, usually due to increased pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure). If not treated in time, glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss.

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that cause damage to the optic nerve—the part of the eye responsible for sending visual information to the brain. This damage is often caused by fluid buildup in the front part of the eye, which increases pressure and affects vision over time.

Common Causes of Glaucoma

High eye pressure (intraocular pressure)

Family history of glaucoma

Age (more common after 40 years)

Diabetes or high blood pressure

Eye injuries or long-term steroid use

Symptoms to Watch For

In the early stages, glaucoma may not cause noticeable symptoms. As it progresses, you might experience:

Blurred or tunnel vision

Eye pain or pressure

Headaches

Seeing halos around lights

Redness in the eyes

Regular eye checkups are essential because early detection can prevent serious damage.

Types of Glaucoma

Open-Angle Glaucoma – The most common form; develops slowly and painlessly.

Angle-Closure Glaucoma – A sudden rise in eye pressure causing severe pain and vision loss; a medical emergency.

Normal-Tension Glaucoma – Occurs even when eye pressure is normal, often due to poor blood flow to the optic nerve.

Treatment Options

While glaucoma cannot be cured, it can be managed effectively. Treatment includes:

Prescription eye drops to reduce eye pressure

Oral medications

Laser therapy or surgery in advanced cases

Prevention Tips

Get regular eye exams, especially if you’re over 40

Maintain healthy blood pressure and sugar levels

Exercise regularly to improve blood circulation

Avoid smoking and limit caffeine intake

Conclusion

Glaucoma is a serious but manageable eye condition if diagnosed early. Protect your vision by scheduling routine eye checkups and following your doctor’s advice. Remember, early detection is the key to preventing permanent vision loss.